Surgical Procedures During The Surgical Procedure Essay

I had the pleasure of observing three different surgical procedures during my OR rotation The first surgical procedure was a caesarean section (C-section), that was done as a repeat because the patient had her previous children delivered as a c-section and was not able to deliver vaginally. I also got a chance to observe an umbilical hernia repair. This procedure was performed because part of the intestines were protruding through the umbilical opening which may have caused pain or discomfort. The patient had given birth a few months prior to the surgery which may have caused the protruding intestine. The third surgical procedure I observed was a Laparoscopic gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy). This procedure was performed because the patient had gall stones present in the gallbladder. Negative effects of surgery When a person goes under the knife, he or she open themselves up to risks that are involved when having surgery that will determine the outcome of the operation. There are risks of surgical complications, the risk of infection, bleeding uncontrollably and risking your life by not waking up and getting through the surgical procedure. Patients can be affected psychologically due to prolonged recovery and long lasting disability if complications occur. This may cause psychological distress, which can delay recovery as stress delays wound healing and compromises some immunity. (Pinto, Faiz, Davis, Almoudaris, Vincent, 2016). Side effects from the anesthesia usedShow MoreRelatedA Critical Incident During The Theatre During A Knee Orif Surgical Procedure Essay2147 Words   |  9 PagesNovember 2015 , during the first block of clinical placement , a critical incident occurred in the theatre during a knee ORIF surgical procedure . The procedure involves re-align ment of broken bones which are held together by surgical implants such as metal plate , rod , and screws . The team involved in the procedure were an orthopaedic surgeon , a consultant , an anaesthetist , a theatre nurse , a scrub nurse , a radiographer , and a student radiographer . During the procedure , the patient wasRead MoreBenefits Of A Non Surgical Rhinoplasty1412 Words   |  6 PagesA non-surgical rhinoplasty is also referred to as a non-surgical nose job, the â€Å"15-Minute Nose Job,† a liquid nose job or injection rhinoplasty. For some, this procedure can be used as a temporary substitute for surgical rhinoplasty. Dr. Sam Gershenbaum is a plastic and reconstructive surgeon who frequently performs non-surgical rhinoplasty procedures at his surgery center in Miami, FL. Non-Surgical Rhinoplasty Vs. Traditional Surgical Rhinoplasty Depending on what a patient would like to accomplishRead MorePerioperative Observation Experience. 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CPT is used to help physicians, insurance companies and other medical providers to use a system for coding medical procedures performed. These codes are used with ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM. The CPT book includes four categories the first one consists of six main sections. The CPT codebook is used for each procedure and/or service performed by healthcare professionalsRead MoreWrong Site Surgeries1348 Words   |  6 Pagesbreakdown is considered the main cause of wrong site surgeries in the surgical team. The Joint Commission s universal protocol of time out is a very important and a helpful tool in preventing the wrong site surgeries, wrong person surgery, and wrong procedure. The factors causing the wrong site surgeries can be; †¢ presumption of surgical team members that someone else has confirmed surgical site and procedure †¢ surgeon failing to mark the site †¢ placing

Women Entrepreneurs And Social Incubators Essay - 1851 Words

In this chapter literature on women entrepreneurs and social incubators is discussed. It also explains the conceptual framework and conceptual map of the study.. 2.1 Concept of Women Entrepreneur Women or a group of women who initiate, organize and operates a business enterprise is defined as Women Entrepreneurs’. The Government of India has defined women entrepreneurs as an enterprise owned and controlled by women having a minimum financial interest of 51 per cent of the capital and giving at least 51 per cent of the employment generated in the enterprise to women. â€Å"Women Entrepreneur† is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent† (Meenu Goyal and Jai Prakash, 2011, pp. ). In India, these entrepreneurs are part of the larger sustainable development strategy employed by the policymakers. Evidence shows that Women entrepreneurship has already contributed to the economic growth across the world and women led enterprises are increasing in every country.. These enterprises also created a large number of job opportunities in their respective economies. Apart from this, these enterprises also crea ted new business solutions for the pressing social problems.Further in whole enterprises scenario, number of enterprises owned by women is very less compared to men. Government of India has implemented various schemes for development of such enterprises but impact is yet to be seen. Over the past few decades role ofShow MoreRelatedWomen Entrepreneurs And Social Incubators1879 Words   |  8 PagesCHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW In this chapter literature on women entrepreneurs and social incubators is discussed. 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Directory Viruses Free Essays

There are many ways to sabotage a computer. Some malicious programs create software that automatically replicates itself and spreads throughout a computer’s file system to destroy it later. One of these virus types is called the Directory Virus. We will write a custom essay sample on Directory Viruses or any similar topic only for you Order Now From its name itself, one can know that it attacks the directory and file system of a computer. The computer uses a large file that contains information about its subdirectories and files. It includes information such as the starting cluster, the name, the time and date it was created or modified, attributes such as being read-only, and other information. Every time a file needs to be accessed, it searches for the directory entry and the starting cluster, an index to the File Allocation Table or FAT. All the other cluster addresses are in the FAT. So a Directory Virus infects clusters and allocates it in the FAT. It then targets other clusters and infects other files. The destructive code is usually with executable files such as the ones ending with . EXE or . COM. The location or paths to the computer’s files will then be changed by the Directory Virus so that it can infect other files. This will be done transparently, without the user’s knowledge, until the original files will be impossible to find. Eventually, the user’s files become useless (Spam Laws, 2009). In May 1991, the DIR II virus was discovered first in Bulgaria. It is also known as Creeping Death and was written by the same programmers who coded the DIR, MG and Shake viruses. At that time, it was considered to be unique since directory viruses were still unknown. It changed directory entries only and did not change the files (Hypponen, 2010). It was eventually followed by variants such as the DIR III and DIR BYWAY viruses. The BYWAY virus appeared first in mid 1995 in Venezuala, but was possibly authored by a Chinese programmer named Wai Chan since the code is signed â€Å"By Wai Chan† (PR Newswire, 1995). It is similar to the DIR II family of viruses but alters the technique slightly by modifying directories and cross linking executable files to point to a file named CHKLISTx. MSx, containing the viral code (Paris, 2010). The BYWAY virus has an interesting story since it reveals that people from different countries often disguise themselves using other countries. The Chinese search engine, Baidu, for example was attacked by malware that showed an Iranian flag, but Baidu doubts that it was Iranian. They believe that it was American hackers who did it. In the same way, the BYWAY virus claims that it was authored by Wai Chan on August 1994. And then when the virus is triggered, it pops out a message saying, â€Å"Trabajemos Todos Por Venezuela† which means, â€Å"We are all working for Venezuela.† It also plays music simultaneously, mimicking the Venezuelan national anthem. But it is likely that the real author is neither Venezuelan nor Chinese since crooks are not likely to leave their calling cards at the scene of the crime. It is also possible to remove the virus without using disinfecting software. Simply rename all . COM and . EXE files with non-executable extensions. The virus will automatically correct the FAT. Then reboot using a clean boot disk to remove the virus in memory, and rename everything back to its executable extensions. Do this for all hard disk partitions and the virus will be removed. Unfortunately, because viruses are popularly known to wreak havoc on computers, there is an urban myth propagating in the world that every time a PC doesn’t work properly, it is always caused by a virus (Rutter, 1999). However, the fact is that not all PC problems are caused by viruses. There may be manufacturer bugs in the software or incompatibility issues with the hardware or software. Or the computer may simply be malfunctioning like any other electronic device that eventually fails. How to cite Directory Viruses, Papers

Change of Circumstances and Termination

Question: Discuss about the Change of Circumstances and Termination. Answer: Introduction The present study involves issue on the legal rights and obligations of the contracting parties based on the regulations of contract law considering the elements of offer and acceptance of contract. The assignment further covers the analysis of contract law elements on form of legal relationship, intention to create legal relationship, consideration, consent and legal capacity for Clara and Joseph together with the analysis of legal capacity by Edward or Marshall. The assignment also involves the discussion and analysis of termination of contract, situations for breach of contract as well as probable remedies available to the affecting parties as per the regulations of Australian Contract Law. For the purpose of analyzing the establishment of contract between the parties, it is essential to identify the type contract entered between the parties as per the regulations of contract law. The present situation associates with the issue of failure of contingent condition in the contract work from the point of contracting party, which caused Clara and Joseph huge loss in terms of renovating the house floor. It is stated that Clara and Joseph entered into contract with Marshall to install the floating timber floor at the rate of $40 per square meter. However, the quote presented by Marshall included the term provider accepts no responsibility for defects in workmanship that was accepted by Joseph and the work started on 14 February 2017. During the process of work, the room was found flooded due to the carelessness of Marshall since the tool bag placed over the outlet of drainage system. In addition, Joseph entered into the contract at cheaper rate to complete the work as soon as the structural issues are recovered. Accordingly, the present situation incorporates the issue of legal rights and obligations to Joseph and Clara for the occurrence of flood within the room tha t destroyed the under processed timber flooring. According to the regulations of Australian Contract Law, the basic elements to bind a legal contract incorporate agreement, consideration, legal capacity, intention to create contract and certainty. In case any one of the basic elements is not present in the formation of contract, then the contract or agreement cannot be said to have formed as per the law (Austlii.edu.au 2017). In the present situation, contract between Joseph and Marshall incorporated all the basic elements with respect to agreement as the contract has been offered and agreed by both the parties against the consideration amounted to $40 per square meter. Further, both the parties, Joseph and Marshall considered to have capacity to enter in the legal contract in terms of legal age and sound mind. It has been noted that both the parties had intention to form the contract by incorporating certainty to complete the contracted work. Besides, consideration is the primary element to form a legal contract, which is a promis e to provide something in return for a receipt of promise (Townley and Riazi 2014). Referring to the case of Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth (1954) 92 CLR 424, contract between Joseph and Marshall had been supported by the consideration amount therefore, the contract was legally formed. Offer and Acceptance are the most basic and important elements of a legal contract that contains several terms and condition offered by the contractor and accepted by the contractee. In order to form a legal contract, it is essential to express the willingness to form contract that may be offered by stating definite terms and in any form like letter, email, newspaper advertisement or fax (Barroso and Sthel 2015). The present case was similar to the decided case of R v Clarke (1927) HCA 47 CLR 227 in which court held that the reward could not be claimed by Clarke since the act was not performed in reliance to the contracted offer. In case of Joseph and Marshall, the contract was formed based on the agreement mentioning that the workmanship defects will not be responsibility of Marshall that was accepted by Joseph. In addition, the decided case of Helmos Enterprises Pty Ltd v Jaylor Pty Ltd (2005) NSWCA 235 stated the legal contracting parties are required to have intention to create t he contract based on the commercial arrangements (Bayern 2015). In case of contract between Joseph and Marshall as well as the contract between Joseph and Edward involved intention to create the contract since, contract placed by Edward incorporated intention to complete the work against the consideration amount $38 per square meter. For a legal contract, it is essential to incorporate legal and genuine consent based on the reasonable grounds, which is referred in the decided case of Yerkey v Jones (1939) 63 CLR 6 (Ash and Cheesman 2016). In the present case, Joseph gave genuine consent to Marshall to complete the contracted work for the agreed amount as well as on agreed duration. The contract further involves the issue of termination and breach of contract under the regulations of Australian Contract Law. As per the principles of contract law, the rule of common law exists against the perpetuities stating that all the legal contract should include the clause of termination based on the completion of work or expiry of agreed contract duration (Austlii.edu.au 2017). The contract automatically terminates if the contract work is completed or if the fixed time of contract expires (Zagenczyk et al. 2015). Referring to the case of Battery World Pty Limited v Heavenly Bound Pty Limited (2009) NSWSC 1309, court held that the contract was not terminated automatically since the work was not completed and the duration was not expired. Similarly, in the present case, contract between Joseph and Marshall was not terminated as the flooring was due to be completed while the contracted time did not lapse. However, the contract may be terminated by other ways that includes, ex pression of right, implied right and subsequent agreement under which the contracting party is required to provide notice. In addition, if any specific event occurred, then the parties have the express right to terminate the contract that may incorporate the termination of contract by way of breach (Han 2016). As per the regulations of Australian Contract law, a contract can be terminated for breach of any terms or conditions by conducting the appropriate test to examine the contractual essentiality (Austlii.edu.au 2017). Considering the case of Fitzgerald v Masters (1956) 95 CLR 420, court held that the contract party found to breach the terms of contract and the party was supposed to repay the contracted money. In the present case, contract entered between Joseph and Marshall was not completed while Joseph terminated the contract alleging the failure in contract work performance of Marshall. Joseph contended that due the room was flooded due to placement of tool bag on the drainage outlet, which caused a portion of land was subsided while the floor was collapsed. Therefore, Joseph terminated the contract which formed termination by way of breach since the contract work and duration was still due. Similar to the case of Shevill v Builders Licensing Board (1982) 149 CLR 620, court held that contracting party was liable for the damages in the contracted work therefore. In the present case also, act of Marshall caused damage to Joseph and incurred heavy losses on part of breach of contract. Besides, Joseph did not accept any compensation amount as an apology from Marshall and eventually breached the contract. In view of the decided case laws and regulations of Australian Contract Law on breach of contract, it can be said that Joseph was liable to Marshall for breach of contract (Austlii.edu.au 2017). As the contract term offered by Marshall contained the condition provider accepts no responsibility for defects in workmanship, placement of tool bag on the drainage outlet could not be held Marshalls responsibility (Fried 2015). Besides, Joseph had the right to claim for compensatory damages as the tool bag was Marshalls property and he was responsible to place it appropriately. As the contract formed between Joseph and Marshall formed formal contract both the parties held liable as per the Australian Contract Law. Joseph was liable to breach the contract while Marshall was liable to incur contractual damage to the party due to lack of appropriate performance in the contract work. Accordingly, the remedy available to both the parties is to claim compensation for damages or the parties can claim award for specific performance and recession since the contract is a formal contr act. Conclusion Considering the above discussion on the legal formation of contract It can be concluded that Joseph and Marshall were the contracting parties. Contract between Joseph and Edward could be considered as contract as it incorporated all the basic elements but as Edward did not start the renovation work, it can be said that the Joseph was not held liable to for breach of contract. Besides, contract between Joesph and Marshall was terminated by way of breach due to the contractual work damage hence both the parties held liable to compensate for respective damages. Joseph and Marshall can apply for the contractual remedy that may be received in the form of compensatory damages as well as compensation for specific performance. Reference List and Bibliography Andrews, N., 2016. Remedies for Breach of Contract. InArbitration and Contract Law(pp. 279-333). Springer International Publishing. Ash, A. and Cheesman, E., 2016. Employment: Post-employment restraint after repudiation of an employment contract.LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal, (21), p.76. Austlii.edu.au. 2017.Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII). [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/ [Accessed 1 Feb. 2017]. BARMES, E., 2016. Remedies for Breach and for Wrongful Dismissal. Barroso, L.A. and Sthel, L.P., 2015. The Role of Objective Good Faith in Current Contract Law: For a General Duty of Inter Partes Cooperation and Solidarity.J. Civ. L. Stud.,8, p.187. Bayern, S., 2015. Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law: A Needles Concept.Cal. L. Rev.,103, p.67. Fried, C., 2015.Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. OUP Us. Han, S., 2016. Force majeure, change of circumstances and termination of contract.Journal of Law, Society and Development,3(1), pp.31-44. Hiscock, M.E., 2016. The Universality of Good Faith and Moral Behaviour: A Challenge for the Principles of Asian Contract Law. InLegal Thoughts between the East and the West in the Multilevel Legal Order(pp. 355-367). Springer Singapore. Spitko, E.G., 2016. The Will as an Implied Unilateral Arbitration Contract.Fla. L. Rev.,68, p.49. Townley, A. and Riazi, M., 2014. Analysis of authentic legal negotiation: Implications for teaching contract negotiation to undergraduate law students.International Journal of Language Studies,8(4). Zagenczyk, T.J., Cruz, K.S., Cheung, J.H., Scott, K.L., Kiewitz, C. and Galloway, B., 2015. The moderating effect of power distance on employee responses to psychological contract breach.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,24(6), pp.853-865.